| superiority | 4. rank, status as measured by length of service, kekananan: promotion is given on merit, not on ~, kenaikan pangkat didasarkan kpd kecekapan, bukan kekananan. | Kamus Inggeris-Melayu Dewan |
| seniority | b. (rank, post) kekananan: he was given the privileges in virtue of his ~, dia diberi hak istimewa krn kekananannya; c. (in length of service) tempoh perkhidmatan: the list of names was drawn up in order of ~, senarai nama itu dibuat mengikut susunan tempoh perkhidmatan. | Kamus Inggeris-Melayu Dewan |
| promotion | n 1. upgrading of position or rank, kenaikan pangkat: ~ goes by seniority in the department, kenaikan pangkat bergantung pd kekananan di jabatan itu; 2. advertising or campaign to increase sales, promosi: the new product was backed by mass media ~, keluaran baru itu disokong oleh promosi melalui media massa; 3. encouragement given to st, menggalakkan: their attempts at the ~ of goodwill between the factions have failed, percubaan mereka utk menggalakkan wujudnya semangat muhibah di kalangan puak gagal. | Kamus Inggeris-Melayu Dewan |