| nonproductive labour, unproductive labour | pekerja tak produktif | AKAUN, EKO, NIAGA |
| labour-saving technological change | perubahan teknologi penjimatan pekerja | EKOI |
| labour-saving technique | teknik jimat pekerja | EKOI |
| labour-saving machinery | jentera penjimatan pekerja | NIAGA |
| labour-saving innovation | reka baru penjimatan pekerja | EKO |
| labour-saving bias | bias penjimatan pekerja | EKO |
| labour-saving | penjimatan pekerja | AEKO |
| labour-output ratio | nisbah pekerja output | EKO, EKOI |
| labour-management conflict | konflik pekerja-pengurusan | NIAGA |
| labour-management codetermination | penentuan bersama pekerja-pengurusan | NIAGA |